Fort Sumter’s Long Shadow: Mr. Lincoln Calls for an Army, and the States Respond

In response to the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter, President Lincoln made a speech requesting a 75,000 man army to suppress the rebellion. This talk discusses the two things that happened in direct response to Lincoln’s speech. First of all, a country with a 16,000 man army that was in the process of splitting in two, an atrophied militia system, and no general staff or mobilization plan actually produced that army, in very short order. He describes the pivotal role of the New York Militia and the under appreciated contributions of individuals such as Joseph Holt, General John Wool, and John Dix.

Secondly, seven slave states that, until then, had remained loyal, reconsidered their commitment to the Union. In the end, four of these states (VA, NC, AR, TN) departed while three (MO, KY, MD) remained under varying degrees of duress. This is a high stakes drama with larger than life characters, dirty tricks, and some questionably legal actions by the Lincoln administration. Arguably, the outcome of the war hinged on these decisions.

Leon Reed is a former US Senate aide, defense consultant, and US History teacher. He lives in Gettysburg and is the author of several books on Gettysburg monuments and two on the secession crisis and transition to Civil war, including, most recently, “Fort Sumter’s Long Shadow: Mr. Lincoln Calls for an Army, the Northern States Respond, and the Border States Rethink Their Status”. He is a regular contributor to Civil War News and is the editor of the quarterly magazine of the Battle of the Bulge Association.

Mr. Reed has been studying these topics for five years. If interested, his book will be available for sale or preorder.